Build and Sustain an Innovative Work Environment Assignment - 2

Build and Sustain an Innovative Work Environment - Assignment Example The principle aligns those of Virgin Atlantic Red’s business needs since it depends on customers to buy the services. Another underlying principle is that innovation should drive the core business process (Davila, Epstein, & Shelton, 2012). Virgin Atlantic Little Red is always in a constant need for new ways of providing goods and services to their customers thus the principle aligns with its business needs. In addition, the innovation plan relies on the principle of becoming ten times better with the new ideas (Boons, & LÃ ¼deke-Freund, 2013). The new idea should prove better than the previous and even far much better than those of the competitors. There are many domestic flights in the UK and Virgin Atlantic Little aims at becoming a leader in the industry thus the principle serves its business interests. A major area, that requires the pilot program, is the service provisions especially the flight services. Onboard services like inflight entertainment and connectivity will suit the pilot program since it proposes the provision of unique experiences to the passengers on board. The program might as well suit booking services with a strong emphasis on quick and reliable booking system to the customers. The plan begins notifying the management to know how best the staff can implement the proposal. In the implementation stage, it is also imperative to develop time frame for all activities specifying duration for their completion. On the other hand, the plan will have performance indicators to notify the implementing team on the success of the plan in meeting set goals and objectives. Moreover, the implementation plan should have a monitoring mechanism and assign duties to specific individuals. The communication plan in this proposal entails developing a comprehensive plan that states where chains of command come from and those who take the orders. Commands should come from the executive management who also has to state clearly the objectives and

Financial and Non-Financial Motivation: An Overview

Financial and Non-Financial Motivation: An Overview In modern society, business markets are getting more competitive. As a consequence, firms in the markets try to use more effective ways to achieve their goals, which include earning more profit and expanding market share. Motivation, which is a way that encourages employees to make an effort to work, is a feasible method to help firms to reach their targets. According to Tutor2U (n. d. a), if workers are motivated well, the business will get better productivity as well as improved product quality, and earn good reputation. Hence, a business ought to spend considerable time in thinking the best way to motivate employees, and there are a significant number of different opinions about it, including financial motivation and non-financial motivation. These two methods of motivation focus on different kinds of employees and satisfy different needs of workers. In addition, both of the two measures have their advantages as well as disadvantages. Therefore, the business should use these two m ethods together to encourage employees to work harder or worse, and make productivity good or bad. Different people have different needs to work, so according to specific conditions, a business should use different methods to motivate its workers. Hall et al. (2008) state that Maslow concluded a theory that there are five levels of human needs which employees need to have fulfilled at work, and they are physical, safety, social, esteem and self actualization. An employee would be motivated by the higher need, only once a lower level of need has been fully satisfied (Tutor2U, n. d. b). For example, a person, who has no money and is dying of hunger and thirst, may think about basic wage at first instead of job security and respect from others. A business ought to offer different sets of incentives from worker to worker, because workers are not all motivated in the same way. According to Hall et al. (2008), McGregor also suggested two theories to explain why people have the will to work. Theory X assumes some workers are motivated by money, while theory Y assumes other workers are mo tivated by many other factors. For instance, due to the little amount of wage, lower paid workers, who include blue collar workers, tend to be willing to work overtime to earn higher pay. However, as for the better paid employees, including white collar workers, salary is not the only important factor for them. They may pay more attention to other aspects of work, such as colleagues, recognition and promotion. Consequently, a business should take different measures aiming at different kinds of employees in order to meet all of their needs and make profits. Financial motivation, which is related to a fair days pay for a fair days work, has both its strengths and weaknesses. Money is necessary for everybody, especially for the poor who have a strong desire to earn more money so as to make a living. Hence, the specific approach that motivates employees using money could be a good way to improve performance of workers as well as productivity. On the other hand, financial motivation may also cause some problems too, such as quality and operating problems. Hall et al. (2008) list some possible methods of financial motivation, including piece rates, fringe benefits, performance related pay and profit sharing. Each method has different benefits and drawbacks to motivate workers. An example is piece-rate pay, which is recommended by Taylor, it is the wage that is paid to workers by the number of products they make in a certain period of time (Hoddersamplepages, n. d.). Workers would work harder to earn more, because the ones who produce more co uld get higher pay. It might be good for increasing the speed of work therefore productivity. Nevertheless, piece rates tend to make employees rush work, so lead to some quality problems, and further influence the reputation of the business. Another measure is fringe benefit, and it is the extra money that employees receive in addition to their normal wage or salary, such as a company car, free use of a house as well as private health insurance (Tutor2U, n. d. c). It can help satisfy the social needs of employees and make them loyal to the firm. At Google for example, it provides free meals for employees to motivate them to be more loyal and make profits for the company (Hall et al., 2008). However, Tutor2U (n. d. c) also points out that fringe benefits could be difficult for the firm to operate because of increasing costs that are used by individuals. Therefore, there are some obvious advantages and disadvantages of financial motivated methods. Owing to the problems of financial incentives, firms should also use non-financial incentives to encourage workers. The similar to financial motivation, non-financial motivation has not only many significant benefits but also some drawbacks too. According to Tutor2U (n. d., b), Mayo reported that the human relations approach is the process for retaining and developing people in organizations but not using ways that involve money. A case in point is Tejas Securities Group. The Chairmans Cup is a silver chalice, which is awarded by the firm each month. It is the award to the workers who contribute to the success of the whole firm, so it inspires employees to work harder toward achievement (Searchwarp, n. d.). Non-financial incentives include job enrichment, empowerment and team working (Hall et al., 2008). Job enrichment means giving workers new sets of interesting and challenging tasks, which is supported by Herzberg (Hr-scorecard-metrics, 2010). It provides employees more chances to develop their capabilities and make them gain a strong sense of achievement. On the other hand, Tutor2U (n. d. d) reports that job enrichment might make some expensive mistakes if the work is too complex for workers or they do not possess the correct skill level. As for empowerment, it gives official authority to workers to make decisions and control their own activities (Hall et al., 2008). For example, employees can arrange how to use their time and how to achieve the tasks by themselves. The advantages of empowerment are significant, one of which is making employees feel free to make the most suitable choices for themselves. The disadvantages are obvious as well. Hall et al. (2008) point out employees might be given more work with the same pay, so they may be not willing to do it. Furthermore, empowerment may increase the costs that relate to the business, such as the costs of changing the workplace and training the workers (Hall, et al., 2008). If the employees make wrong decisi ons, it tends to have bad effects on the whole business. As a result, both the strengths and weaknesses of non-financial incentives exist. To sum up, according to Maslows hierarchy of needs as well as McGregors theory X and theory Y, different workers may have different needs to be met through motivation. On the one hand, either financial motivation or non-financial motivation is useful to encourage employees. On the other hand, both of the methods have their drawbacks as well. As far as I am concerned, these two methods are both beneficial for a business to motivate its employees, improve productivity, then earn more profits and achieve the business objectives. Thus, a business ought to combine these two methods, and use them together reasonably. The business should also take advantage of both financial as well as non-financial motivation, and try to avoid some unnecessary problems depending on specific needs of employees and real conditions of work.

Children Essay

1.1 Explain how legislation, frameworks, codes of practice and policies relating to positive behaviour support are applied to own working practice. The aspects of my role within our setting are regulated by our policies and procedures which have been written with current legislation such as the Children’s act. These policies and procedures cover promoting positive behaviour and we all follow that as our code of practice as this is an important area to both us and all our children. We focus very much on praise for good behaviour, respecting each other and each other’s feelings, helping each other and if they cannot do something but try we give praise for trying. We feel that a child’s behaviour is reflected in how much they feel valued within our setting, we make sure the children have planned activities for them to experience and we allow the children to have their say and we change and mould activities letting the children take the lead and let the activity free flow and it ends up being a lot of fun. We do have a set of house rules which we feel are realistic and very set around house rules that would apply in their own home. We try to be consistent in enforcing these house rules which very much includes our own daughter, we make sure she is included in following the house rules the same as all the other children that we look after. However all children will have times where they misbehave and for this we have several strategies, depending on the age and stage of ability of the child but we find that they work well for us. * Distraction- We will remove the child from a situation and give them an alternative activity or we ask the child to help us with a special task and tell them we need their help. * Ignoring- Depending on the situation we may ignore the bad behaviour as we feel it is being done to get a reaction, we do find this more common with our own daughter too. * Discuss with child- We will take the child to one side and talk to them about why we will remove them from the activity if they continue even though we don’t want to do that but we want children to understand that their actions have consequences, we are always very careful that we explain that it’s their behaviour that we don’t like not them. We also talk to the child about how they are feeling maybe not at that point but we return to it later on to see if anything is troubling them that they want to talk about * Time Out- Removing the child from an activity or situation and giving them some quiet time, maybe even some TV time if this is what their prefer to do, we find that some children burn out and just need some short time on their own or with a friend to chill out and relax We will never smack, shake, or hurt a child in any way and we will never humiliate a child ever We would always discuss the situation with the parent on collecting; we have never had a situation where we have had to call a parent/carer to collect the child but if the situation needed it we would do that. We have found that some children get quite distressed if you tell their parents about their behaviour and this can actually have a negative reaction so we will catch the parent before the child knows they are here and speak to them in private in our lounge about the situation, confirm how we dealt with it at the time and the outcome and that we have dealt with the behaviour at the time that it happened. 1.2 Define what is meant by restrictive interventions. There are a number of forms of restrictive intervention’s, the first one is physical intervention where you have to intervene such as if two children were having a fight and you wanted to break them up then there is a good chance that you will need to separate them to calm them down. Social intervention is another form of restrictive intervention where you can deal with the situation with speech, body language and facial expressions. Social intervention is also used in the setting for example the stair gates to stop the children climbing the stairs, the safety straps on the high chair so they don’t fall out. 1.3 Explain when restrictive intervention may and may not be used. Practitioners will always look for the best possible way of dealing with situations that may arise, unfortunately that’s sometimes not the case and there are times where Restrictive intervention may be required when a child is showing signs of unreasonable behaviour and everything has been taken into account of trying to reason with them, intervention may then be used, but any forms of intervention are best used as a last resort as its always best practice to communicate in a positive way but strongly depending on the circumstances and situation i.e. any injury that may have been caused by a child to another could have been an accident and therefore intervention of any kind may not be required on this occasion. 1.4 Explain who needs to be informed of any incidents where restrictive interventions have been used. It outlines in the EYFS that one intervention that can be used however rare that it is, can be that of a physical one, it is used to manage a child’s behaviour and it must be recorded and the parents must be informed on the same day as the incident occurred. Our own policies and procedures state that any intervention that has been required will be discussed with you at the time of pick up, written in their handbook if they have one or a phone call will be made on that day by us informing the parents of the incident and how it was dealt with at the time. 1.5 Explain why the least restrictive interventions should be used when dealing with incidents of challenging behaviour. I think it’s always important for people who look after children in whatever role they may do to be positive in sometimes difficult circumstances, I don’t mean we should praise bad behaviour far from it but we need to show positive reinforcement of some nature in order for us to get the best out of young people , negativity won’t bring out the best in people and will only give them a sense of despair and lack of self-confidence, positive feedback will hopefully bring them the confidence they need in life to go from strength to strength so I feel it’s always important to concentrate on what they can do well and not what they can’t do right. For all parties involved in situations of bad behaviour it’s important if possible to diffuse situations and to try and talk things through to a resolution with the child involved, with safety in mind. 1.6 Describe safeguards that must be in place if restrictive physical interventions are used. With health and safety in mind there are environments that need to be safe if any physical intervention is required, safety to all is priority in this situation and as unfortunate as it may be, if a person cannot be calmed down by any other means as previously discussed a situation may escalate and turn physical. It’s important that all children are safe and therefore removed from the setting and placed with other practitioners in another room away from the threatening behaviour of the individual concerned. If any unfortunate event does take place it’s important that the room is as safe as possible to avoid any injury to all involved, remember we are still looking for a peaceful and positive ending here and a physical situation is really the last thing anybody wants.it needs reminding here that its best if 2 practitioners are on standby as witnesses may be needed if things got out of hand and if anything was ever required from a medical point of view. 2.1 Explain the difference between proactive and reactive strategies. These are both at each end of the spectrum, a Proactive strategy is about us preventing a situation that we perceive may happen , a reactive strategy is something that hasn’t happened yet and something we may have to react to, a negative situation that we may have to turn into a positive one. 2.2 identify the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work role. To use these strategies’ it’s about us seeing, hearing and being aware of situations almost in a psychic form that may develop in our setting, for us to react and respond in a way to prevent something we feel may happen, as it may have happened before so will it happen again?, this could be any type of issue or situation and any act that is carried out by a child such as crying, aggressive behaviour, smacking, biting, arguments , an example of a situation that has occurred with us in our setting are as follows, a proactive and reactive example of the way we work would be to plan an activity when 2 of the children that are involved in this don’t get along very well but we want them to feel included in the groups activity ,it’s our job to understand what happened previously when we did this activity and the cause of the situation in the first place we can then implement ch ange for next time and see if there is any change in the behaviour of the child or children if resolved then fine, if not it’s up to us again to look at the cause and then try another method , methods used in situations like this would be to: Use our knowledge in order to avoid escalation, containment, use diversion as a strategy, use mediation, challenge and explain to children the consequences of their actions, support children and help them resolve situations to a positive end. 2.3 Explain the importance of identifying patterns of behaviour or triggers to challenging behaviour when establishing proactive or reactive strategies to be used. Like I’ve touched on earlier it’s about identifying the early warning signs that triggers children to cause disruptive behaviour and for us to intervene and preventing it from escalating further, it’s usually in our case quite easy to spot as you will see situations from time to time where you may find a child can start something and others will follow and do the same thing , an example of this would be where a child has been given something to do but has no interest in what they are doing, with nothing to do they begin to run around the play area and cause other children to do the same, it’s up to us to identify and intervene with this before it happens , a warning sign can sometimes be a change in their mood and other causes are as follows. Boredom – give them something to focus on. Lack of choice – it’s so important for them to them to be stimulated make sure there is plenty of choice in terms of things to do. Frustration in not being able to do something. Lack of attention – make sure we communicate with them and show positive feedback if their doing something well. Disruption and noise – make sure of a calm environment. Too many children doing an activity – move make sure there another alternative activity A difficult one to identify is sometimes when they’re not well, all children are different and react in different kinds of ways, some will communicate and engage well and some wont. 2.4 Explain the importance of maintaining a person or child-centred approach when establishing proactive strategies. Challenging behaviour can be an individual thing and not all children react in the same way or react at the same level there can be different degrees in the severity of the behaviour. When dealing with inappropriate behaviour it’s important that each child is handled as an individual and not as a group, this shows that we are capable of adapting to each single case and it must be noted that a technique that may suit one child may not suit another, treating the children as individuals is also gives them a sense of value as they are treated as individual young people. Like we’ve said often despite the circumstances a positive spin on the situation is always a good one to end with. 2.5 Explain the importance of reinforcing positive behaviour with individuals. All people like to be praised and look for approval its only human nature and children are no different, to be positive as a person comes from positive behaviour itself, it’s always what we strive for and to be as a person, it’s vital that we show encouragement, praise and to be positive when they do something well if children are not praised for doing something well or they don’t get encouragement in a positive way they will look for attention in another ways, this is usually from a negative point of view i.e. they will start to show challenging behaviour in order to get a response this is most certainly what we don’t want ,as its not only bad for the child in question but the practitioner will find frustration in the fact that the feeling they now have could come across to the child in a negative light and that was something they were trying to avoid initially. You can now see that reinforcing positive behaviour is a good thing and the children mirror th is situation by acting appropriately well and in a positive light. 2.6 Evaluate the impact on an individual’s well-being of using reactive rather than proactive strategies. The use of a reactive approach towards a child is more of a negative one I feel, as an incident has already occurred and there will be a consequence for the child’s action, whereas a proactive approach is more of a positive one as it outlines from the start the behaviour that is expected from them, children as they are need constant reminders of good positive behaviour and if a proactive approach wasn’t used in the first place and an incident has occurred , the reactive approach after the incident has taken place can make the child in question feel a sense of confusion ,they may feel ashamed, humiliated and a whole host of negative feelings even if they are expressed in a positive light.

The Biography of Louise McKinney

A temperance advocate, Louise McKinney was one of the first two women elected to the Alberta Legislative Assembly and one of the first two women elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire. An excellent debater, she worked on legislation to help people with disabilities, immigrants, and widows and separated wives. Louise McKinney was also one of the Famous Five, along with Nellie McClung, Alberta women who fought and won the political and legal battle in the Persons Case to have women recognized as persons under the BNA Act. Birth September 22, 1868, in Frankville, Ontario Death July 10, 1931, in Claresholm, Northwest Territories (now Alberta) Education Teachers College in Ottawa, Ontario Professions Teacher, temperance and womens rights activist and Alberta MLA Causes of Louise McKinney temperance educationstronger liquor controlwomens property rights and the Dower Act Political Affiliation Non-Partisan League Riding (Electoral District) Claresholm Career of Louise McKinney Louise McKinney was a teacher in Ontario and then in North Dakota.She moved to a homestead near Claresholm, Northwest Territories in 1903.Louise McKinney became involved in the Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) while in North Dakota and organized a chapter in Claresholm. She continued as an organizer for the WCTU for more than 20 years, eventually becoming acting president of the national organization.Louise McKinney was elected to the Alberta Legislative Assembly in 1917, in the first election in which Canadian women could run for office or vote. Suspicious of the political donations made by large brewing and liquor companies to the major parties, Louise McKinney ran under the banner of the Non-Partisan League, an agrarian movement.With the help of Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louise McKinney introduced the bill that became the Dower Act, which guaranteed a woman a third of the family estate when her husband died.Louise McKinney was defeated in the 1921 Alberta election and did no t run again.Louise McKinney was one of four women to sign the Basis of Union forming the United Church of Canada in 1925.Louise McKinney was one of the Famous Five Alberta women in the Persons Case which established the status of women as persons under the BNA Act in 1929.

More Guns And Less Crime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1184 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/19 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Gun Control Essay Did you like this example? John R. Lott has written a series of books, three to be exact, all with the same topic. More guns and less crime is the issued discussed. He is an American author as well as an economist and gun rights advocate, which has propelled him to research and the facts on how guns and crime relate. These books provide evidence and facts on gun control and how it relates to crime. In the latest addition of the series, Lott portrays American culture to one considered as gun culture. One statistic states that in 2009, one hundred and twenty-four million people lived in homes that included a total number of two hundred and seven million guns. As time goes on, more and more guns are being bought, this increases the gun ownership rate. The gun ownership rate has been rising in recent years, however, the crime rate percentage involving guns is at an all time low. The NRA explains how more guns and more people that carry guns have a negative correlation with crime rate. As of 2016, gun ownership in the United States has risen to an all time high. The nations total crime rate has fallen to a 44 year low and the murder rate has decreased to an all time low. Do more guns really decrease the crime rate? Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "More Guns And Less Crime" essay for you Create order John has been testing and researching for years his theory on more guns equals less crime. He has conducted numerous polls and surveys. Lott conducted mass amounts of research to track how gun ownership has changed over the years. He has tracked every detail that involves guns, whether its from gun related crime scenes to gun self defense incidents. Due to high gun ownership, gun relevance with crime and accidents are always on the news. We are always reading and being told about gun shootings and deaths caused by firearms, all this is because In America, guns have been a part of the countrys society since the beginning of guns. All through history guns have been big part of Americans, guns are used to protect this great nation, self-defense,to hunt for food, and sporting activities. Gun control is one of the most heated topics in the country due to all the mass shootings and gun related crime incidents. Its not the guns that are killing people it is the people who are killing people. Mental health plays a huge part in gun shootings, for example, all the school shootings that have been happening lately, these kids who shoot up schools are not in the best state of mind and can be prevented easily. Statistics show that handguns are the most dangerous and misused firearms in America, this is due to its low profile and how concealable they are. In todays society two words are always linked together, Gun and Crime. The government is in a tough predicament on whether to enforce more gun laws or loosen them up, more guns could potentially equal more protection or more crime. Guns are a fantasy to most people, guns have a certain picture which is portrayed by movies or toys and games. In reality most people have never held a gun let alone shot a firearm. To top that, most people have never seen somebody in real life being threatened by a gun or has seen a gun related crime. The majority of citizens have little to no experience with firearms. A study showed that the majority of police officers have never been in a gun related conflict with a suspect. The idea of guns and how they a perceived is greatly biased, one large factor is the news. One news story headline about a Japanese student who was shot and killed on his way to a party in Louisiana in 1992. This story soon became international as well as showing that gun defense can take a turn or the worst. Gun laws affect the society we live in today, for example the city of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois has some of the strictest gun control laws in the country however the city has the highest gun murder rate. In some countries like Brazil, they banned the possession of guns in 2003, yet some people still have the access to guns, but those who carry guns find it difficult to find ammunition. One statistic shows that, in on year, only 30 people were accidentally involved in a fatal gun shooting, they were mistaken for an intruder or a victim of some sort. In comparison, policeman accidentally kill as many as 330 innocent people annually. Are criminals afraid of law-abiding criminals with a gun?, John asked. Yes they are when in fact most criminals are truly afraid of an armed citizen. In 2002, John Lott conducted a nationwide survey on gun ownership. He discovered that ninety five percent of people that have guns to use as self-defense, simply just waved or flashed their firearm at an attacker or victim to get them to start running. All these encounters are never talked about or discussed on the news, what is being talked about is the fatality shootings. This is how most people get the wrong picture about guns, they are only seeing and hearing about one side. Another survey was taken from convicted American felons and revealed that they criminals are much more worried about a citizen with a gun than dealing with the police. Some criminals said that in the interviews that they avoid late-night burglaries because its the best time to ge t shot. Throughout the entire book, Lott uses nothing but numbers and stories(news reports) to get his main argument across the board. He has very interesting and intriguing way of doing so, by sharing personal stories and going in depth with investigations and research. In the article or news report above, Lott used pathos, which is emotional appeal, to explain the story and how it affected the surrounding community. When Lott takes all of his stats that he has found and puts them into writing he uses logos, which is logical appeal, to prove a point. This book, as well as the entire series, are very convincing arguments. Between all of the research that goes along with the numbers, to the personal interviews, whether its with criminals or witnesses, all of the literary devices are being used in the book. Logos and pathos being the biggest factor in the arguments. Sooner or later bans will be put on guns in certain areas, all this does is increase violence and murder. If guns are outlawed, then only outlaws will have guns. The gun control question has changed drastically of the years, the question now is if gun ownership has any benefits at all and how useful the benefits are to the society we live in today, Gun rate is on a constant rise, more and more people are becoming gun owners ever before. In contrast, the gun related crime rate is on the fall, decreasing each year. Does this conclude that more guns equal less crime? The world may never know, because as long as there are guns, there will also be crime.

Should The Federal Government Place A Cap On Child Support

Many people believe that should the Federal Government place a cap on child support, that support will remain the same throughout the child’s life. In addition, CP’s would argue that the Federal Government should not be involved in such matters, when in fact it has already placed its hand in the pot by seizing federal tax refunds or the denial of a new or re-finance mortgage until the current arrearages are paid in full. It has further been argued by many that child support payments do not cover enough of the current support of the child, let alone cover the extras a child may need now or in the future, therefore, no cap should be placed on child support obligations. As stated above, the CP has the right to ask for modification of a†¦show more content†¦What some of the CPs do not take into consideration is: (1) What happens if the other person loses their job and they are depending on that money for the sole purpose of a specific payment; (2) What happens when the support obligation ends (such as it being factored into a 30-year mortgage); and, (3) What happens when a child needs reoccurring expenses, such as new clothes or school supplies. The child support agencies do not take into consideration if the CP is receiving any type of assistance from a State agency, employment, or other resources in paying their portion of one-half of these expenses. Matter of fact, while the NCP is then requ ired to reimburse the State agency for the TANF, Medicaid expenses, in addition paying the above-mentioned fees, they are not entitled to get the relief of the earned income tax credit per the IRS statutes. 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Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company Free Essays

string(66) " description of Vitamin Water as ‘nutritious’ was misleading\." Introduction This report focuses on specific marketing theory, relevant to The Coca Cola Company, marketing theory include Marketing Orientation, Marketing Mix, Marketing environment and SWOT analysis. The author will make analysis of these theories, with an application to the attitudes and marketing decisions of The Soft-Drinks Manufacturer. Marketing Orientation This is when a company takes into account its customers’ needs when making decisions concerning their services they offer and items of sale. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are many benefits of doing this, as the product will more likely meet the needs of their targeted audience, therefore consumers will be more willing to by the product, there is more of a guarantee the product will sale. However in previous decades, many businesses have opted for a product-orientation approach, this is when a company is more concerned with the production of the product, and the systems that are used in its production. (The Times 100, n.d) (The Times 100, n.d) states in the recent decades many companies had preferred to be more product-orientated than customer-orientated, because of the increase in competitiveness within the market, these companies that adopted this orientation were losing out, as a company within a competitive market can only should strive to develop products that suit their audience needs, in failing to do so, they will lose customers fast in the competitive market, this demonstrates the need for products to be more consumer focused especially if a company is operating in a competitive marketing environment, if a company prides itself on the quality of its services and products, through the usage of new expensive technologies for example, then it would be understandable as to why they would continue to be product orientated. (The Times 100, n.d) Some companies are adopting both orientations, taking into account both the expectations and needs of the customer as well as the quality of product for the item of sale. According to the source, many companies like Coca-Cola are moving towards market (customer) and product orientation, in doing this Coca-Cola conduct marketing research to find out their consumer interests and desires, in finding this they will make amends to the production of their product depending on what the results show the marketing managers. (The Times 100, n.d) The marketing environment Social-cultural environment This is the environment that focuses on the understanding of their target audience; the study of this environment will help Coca-Cola understand what motivate consumers to buy their soft-drinks. Coca-Cola is also influenced by society views, for instance because of the issues surrounding the among of sugars presented in Food and Drink, and the Food Standards Agency, the production of Coca-Cola drinks now contain less sugars, and any other ingredients that are deemed artificial and bad for Health. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) According to sources, the Food Standard Agency had in recent years opted for Drink companies to sell their fizzy drinks in smaller quantities, this was in response to the ongoing obesity crisis in the United Kingdom. ‘Drinks with added sugar such as cans of fizzy pop, should be sold in smaller 250ml cans alongside the standard 330ml, it was recommended.’ (Smith, 2010) a study of the social-cultural environment will also lead to an understanding of the demographics. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Economic/competitive This is the environment that allows companies to identify both macroeconomic and microeconomic situations in the market, the influences are different, it can affect the sources of long-term and short-term finances available to Coca-Cola, the influences can also effect the consumer demand from their customers, for instance the credit crunch had decreased the among of expenditure available to consumers. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) during 2008 Coca-Cola had suffered from economic influences due to the crunch, in which it was estimated that their Bottled water products were experiencing less demand, in key markets such as the US and Europe. Because of the credit crunch bottled water had experienced a high sales growth in 2007, but ‘middle-classed wallets were squeezed down by the economic downturn’. (Anon, 2008) How Coca-Cola responded to the influences. Coca-Cola has what is described as a financial muscle, the business was at the time was predicted to not be effected by the ‘economic storm’ as their international competitors, this was arguably because of their successful approach towards brand positioning, which has allowed them to still obtain promotional support, without being disrupted by the economic downturn. (Anon, 2008)Other influences that can be either positive or negative include government policy, taxation, and interest rates. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Technological environment/innovation affecting Coca-Cola and many businesses in general, have had new marketing opportunities, because of the advances of technology, such influences are mostly positive, as the production and manufacturing costs of their drinks are mostly likely to have decreased. (Brassington, Pettitt, 2007) In regard to product of products, technology has also helped increase the product quality, which is important to a company such as Coca-Cola who may focus on product-orientation. For instance, the soft drink’s company experienced new technological advances which allowed them to preserve the fuzziness’ and ice-coldness each of their bottled drinks on sale, ‘By packing new technology into each bottle, so when the cap is twisted off, a mechanism inside will create ice made from the drink itself’. (Hannaford, 2007) Technology has also helped the advancement of more opportunities for promoting the Coca-Cola brand; the company has opened an online website and has been able to advertise on internet websites which would help increase brand awareness. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Political regulatory influences These influences relate to the outside governmental regulatory bodies that have jurisdiction under our national and European parliament to impose restrictions and rules relating to trade and other business operations, such influences include the Advertising Standards Agency, for instance Coca-Cola had to an advertisement banned for ‘claiming it to be nutritious while it contained up to five teaspoons of sugar.’ (Sinclair, 2011)†Because Vitamin Water contained about a quarter of a consumer’s GDA (guideline daily amount) for sugar as well as the added vitamins, we considered that the description of Vitamin Water as ‘nutritious’ was misleading. You read "Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company" in category "Essay examples"† (Sinclair, 2011) this demonstrates the impact, as the company had to recall their advertising campaign. To conclude most of these regulations that have jurisdiction over Coca-Colas operates are enforced by law to ac t as regulators, other regulatory bodies include, trade associations, the EU and the local and national parliament. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Marketing Mix The marketing mix strategy is a marketing tool used by many businesses, it helps managers develop their product to suit their customer needs, the tool helps the business set pricing strategies and promotional strategies which are variable, meaning that the company can make changes to their mix to match the external influences such as the economic downturn, the marketing mix is controllable itself, it allows Coca-Cola to adapt more efficiently to environmental influences of the market. (Palmer, 2009, 2004) Why is it needed? The marketing mix is needed to match the mix elements to the consumer needs; they are the ‘ingredients to achieve the desired outcome of the consumers.’ (Palmer, 2009, 2004) Each of the elements relate to one another, for instance pricing (considered the most important mix element), would largely concern the product it self, the quality of the product determines the pricing, if it is a product of high quality then the company may adopt a premium pricing strategy for example, this would also determine the promotion mix element, audiences are different, the premium pricing strategy may influence the business to target wealthy customers, who value high quality premium products or services. As well as pros, which highlight the positive things a marketing mix strategy can do for The Coca Cola Company, there are also negative aspects of it, issues which put the customer first, such as with the developments of quality services can become lost, to combat this disadvantage it is suggested that there should be an ‘adoption of a more holistic approach by marketing managers to respond to their customer needs’(Palmer, 2009), it would be recommended that managers focus on a product-led approach to marketing. (Palmer, 2009) Product For Coca-cola, their main product on offer is soft drinks. With regard to the production of the soft drink itself, the main element to their products on offer is Coca-Cola. The Coca-Cola company is an international global business, and has more than just one product within the soft-drinks market, other products include Fanta and Sprite all owned by the Coca-Cola Company. (n.d, Sharma, Kumar) Their Products on offer help the company, to motivate the consumer in purchasing the drink. It can be intangible (a service) or tangible, in this case Coca-Cola are providing tangible products. This mix will allow the Soft drinks company to moderate the quality, packaging, quantity of size, all to satisfy their consumers. The moderation is important, it allows Coca-Cola to design for instance their Packaging for different seasons, such as the Christmas season in which they make changing to the style in order to get people into the Christmas spirit, this encourage sells, it demonstrates the changes in the mix allows the company to keep up with marketing opportunities in the marketing environment, it also helps develop their brand image. (Palmer, 2009) Place (Distribution) This mix, allows The Coca Cola Company to make sure their products are available in convenient places, wherever the consumer prefers to purchase the items, it allows the company to make new distributions, if their marketing research suggest their target audience prefer to purchase their items in new places. (Palmer, 2009) This mix allows Coca Cola to amend their distributional strategies in place, depending their target audience preference. A good distributional strategy is crucial as an ineffective strategy will impact negatively on the companies’ turnover figures. In marketing distributional decisions, markets must focus on whether the costs of such distribution is affordable and how close the customers are to receiving the product. Marketing managers have an option to adopt strategies such as direct and selective distribution, Coca-Cola products are available in large supermarkets and vending machines, this indicates an intensive distribution, as it is available anywhere a t any time (24hr petrol shops) anyplace. Recommendation for efficient distributional channel Coca Cola distributes their products to a wide variety of retailers; therefore this would indicate a need for an efficient management of distribution. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) The company as a manufacturer would need to deal with stock controlling, transporting their soft drinks products, and finding warehouse facilities for their products. Pricing This is the most important mix of all, it is important as adopting the wrong pricing strategy would lead to a loss of profits, however a good pricing strategy, which is affordable to target customers would lead to higher turnover for The Coca Cola Company. The Pricing mix varies from other Ps, as the other mainly evolves around company expenditure decisions. The Coca-Cola Companies’ Competitive Pricing Strategy According to sources, the Coca-Cola Company currently adopts a competitive pricing strategy. (Sharma, Kumar, n.d,) this is when companies set their prices according to the current market price, The marketing had become more competitive with operating companies such as Pepsi entering the market; this forced the company to adopt a competitive pricing strategy in order to stay the cheapest in the market. In this current period, along with their competitive strategy the firm has also had to make les expenditure on their manufacturing process, and more expenditure on their advertising to keep consumer interest from rivals. (Sharma, Kumar, n.d,) Cost-Based Pricing strategy Originally they were operating within a niche market, before other competitors such a Pepsi had emerged, because of the new market for Soft drinks, the company did not have to adopt a competitive pricing strategy, instead adopting a cost-based pricing strategy, in which ‘a fixed sum or a percentage of the total cost is added (as income or profit) to the cost of the product to arrive at its selling price’. (Business Dictionary, n.d) Recommendation on Good Pricing Strategies ‘If the selling price of a product is set too high, a company may mot achieve its sales volume targets. If it is set too low, volume targets may be by achieved, but no profit earned.’ (Palmer, 2009) In order to adopt good pricing strategies, there will need to be some evidence such from marketing research as to what consumers will expect to pay. Many companies face hard pricing decisions, as pricing cannot be determined alone with the consideration of target audiences, it would be recommended that firms consider the marketing environment, as consumers’ needs changes depending on the current external environment, and the ‘interaction of market forces’. (Palmer, 2009) the pricing strategy is also variable, the company can make on-going changes to their pricing strategy, however such a minor difference can cause a significant change to revenue, e.g. Lower or higher profits. (Brassington, Petttitt, 2007) Promotion This mix is used to help with the communication of the companies brand to the customers, through sale promotional strategies, sponsorship and through (PR) Public Relations. This mix helps Coca-Cola decide on their advertising expenditure. (Palmer, 2009) Promotional Decisions The promotional strategies along with product and distributional strategy all need to be considered together in order for the company to make better decisions in their mix, it all lies down to evidence, which should give good estimations on their customers likely spending habits and where to target these customers. Coca-Cola through promotional campaigns want to demonstrate how good their brand is, this can be done through various strategies, such as personal selling (Coca-Cola Stalls at public events) , sales discounts (in shopping centres) Research has shown that, Coca-Cola tends to spend large sums on advertising, for instance in 1987 the company made an expenditure of around ?140 million, in television, radio and Printing publications. (Boy, JR, Walker, JR, 1990) This kind of mass media advertising is essential, as most of their customers are likely targeted this way, it helps keep up their brand image, and in attracting new potential customers. Free tasters are also a good strategy as the company brings out new versions of its drinks; this will lead to a new consumer base, and will help generate more loyalty. SWOT Analysis This is the study of strengths, weaknesses and threats (SWOT) This is analysis is needed so that Managers can understand the main threats and opportunities, it helps to get an overall view as to whether the business is profitable or not. It helps with the anticipation of future developments for the company. The SWOT doesn’t include assets of the business; it highlights opportunities for success and potential failure (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Strengths The Coca-cola has been operating within the market for decades, it was once a niche market for the company, this indicates power-over competitors in relation to its brand image, it has been in the ‘game’ for years, and therefore, there is a high public awareness of their products. ‘Coke is the world’s largest non-alcoholic beverage company. Coke sells more than 500 brands of beverages. The company operates five geographic segments: Eurasia Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Pacific.’ (Seeking Alpha, 2011) The company is still experiencing a higher profit margin, for these reasons the company has ambitions to ‘double revenue by 2020. They believe that volume will be by the fast-growing markets and improvement in North America.’ (Seeking Alpha, 2011) Weaknesses: In order for a business to survive weaknesses need to be identified and then appropriate cautions will need to be put in place so that, any weaknesses are reduced significantly so that they no longer pose a disadvantage to the company. (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) The Coca-Cola Company has been able to remain profitable in their many years of operating as a company. As identified before, the Advertising Standards Agency and Food Standards Agency had imposed restrictions on their advertising campaign because of the among of sugar used in their products, this demonstrates a disadvantage for the company, these restrictions could lead to lesser profits, their soft-drinks generally aren’t good for their consumers. For these reasons the company may experience negative publicity which would be a disadvantage. Opportunities: New markets: The Coca Cola had begun operating in the bottled water market, because of the growth, in which the UK market for bottled water alone has an estimation of near to ?1.4 billion. (British Bottled Water, 2009) this is an opportunity because it opens the company to new audiences increasing their brand image. Threats: There are many threats that are imposed upon organisations, such as the ability of Pepsi, (Coca-Cola’s closet rival), to take over the Soft-Drinks industry. The fact that Coca-Cola has to adopt a competitive pricing strategy shows that there is major competition within the market. Other substituting non-alcoholic beverages also pose a threat to the company; such products sold by Starbucks can threaten the profitability of the soft-drinks company. With the ongoing regulations imposed by the Food Standards Agency and (ASA) consumer may put their health first and choose healthier soft-drink alternatives, which would cause a lowering of turnover for the company. The fact that there are competitive pricing strategies between the likes of their rivals Pepsi also imposes the likeliness of customers ignoring both companies and choosing even cheaper alternatives such as Sainsbury’s and Asda branded Cola.(Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Brand management Coca-Cola company main asset is their brand image, it is important in retaining their customers. Brand management involves the enhancing of ones brand, keeping customer interest and expanding to new audiences. To do this requires a lot of attention to the customers, getting them to remember the ‘name, term, sign, symbol design or a combination of these that identifies the maker or seller of the product or service.’ (Kotler, Wong, Saunders, Armstrong, 2005) Brand management is needed, as it increases a company’s ability to get a consumer to add and worship its name and value its quality of product, fending off other competitors by teaching the customer, that their brand is better. There is also an advantage for suppliers, it allows them to Coca Cola understands the importance of its brand image, through the overly use of promotional campaigns and various attempts at direct, and personal selling. It has been said the firm prefer to spend more on its promotional campaigns than its manufacturing costs. The firm has generated a brand image through its logo, which evidently always uses the colour red, in doing this they are reminding customers of their existence whilist increasing their awareness. Branding strategies The Coca-Cola Company has introduced major soft-drink of different kinds into the market, each kind has a different image, and this demonstrates an individual branding strategy, through the usage of new brand names for the various new products they have introduced over the years. There are many advantages in doing this, it increases their audience and allows the company to work on new brands, however these new products such as Fanta do not include the original branding, and therefore it could lead to their loyal customers forgetting the Coca-Cola image. Conclusion To conclude, The Coca Cola company has implemented good strategies, the managers of the company clearly understand the importance of meeting its customer needs, and enhancing its brand image to retain and remind customers of its good brand, hence the need for such a large expenditure on promotional campaigns, it utilizes the marketing mix well, through the adoption of competitor pricing strategy, it realizes its success can be easily threatened by competitors such as Pepsi, and substitute non-alcoholic beverages such as Coffee and tea. Through its current attitudes and good usage of the marketing mix variables, it is certain this business will continue to dominate and likely double their revenue as they have plan to do so by 2020, however external influences such as social cultural and economic influences could lead to a failure, regulatory bodies imposing restrictions could stop the business from reaching its potential if it continues on producing ‘misleading’ adverti sements, however the worldwide recognition of its branding and along with individual brand images, this demonstrates the business has the potential to reach their goal. Reference and Bibliography Books: Palmer, A (2009) Introduction to Marketing. Oxford University Press Brassington, F Pettitt, S Essentials of Marketing, FT Prentice Hall 2nd edititon Doyle, P. Marketing Management and Strategy, Prentice Hall Kotler, P. (2006) Marketing Management Prentice Hall 12th Edition Boyd, W. H, Walker, C. (1990) Marketing Management: A strategic Approach International Student Edition IRWIN publishing Kotler, P, Wong, V, Saunders, J, Armstrong, G (2005) Principles of Marketing 4th European Edition Published by Pearson prentice Hall Internet Sources: The Times 100 ‘Market and Product Orientation’ http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theory–market-product-orientation–211.php [Accessed March 25th 2011] Smith, R (2010) ‘Sell fizzy pop in smaller cans: Food Standards Agency’ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/7527712/Sell-fizzy-pop-in-smaller-cans-Food-Standards-Agency.html {Accessed March 25th 2011] anon, 2008 Focus – Leading water brands hit by credit crunch http://www.just-drinks.com/analysis/focus-leading-water-brands-hit-by-credit-crunch_id95738.aspx {Accessed March 25th 2011] Sinclair, L (2011) ‘Coca-Cola in Hot Water Over Nutritious Ad’{Accessed March 25th 2011] Hannaford, K (2007) ‘New Technology by Coca-Cola allows ice-cubes to form in bottles of Sprite: TEC’ http://www.techdigest.tv/2007/09/new_technology_1.html {Accessed March 25th 2011] Sharma, S Kumar, S (n.d) 4ps Analysis of Nestle and Cadbury Dairy Milk Pvt. Ltd. Delhi Business School {Accessed March 25th 2011] http://www.scribd.com/doc/31376062/MARKET-SEGMENTATION-AN [Accessed 1st April 2011] Anon, n.d â€Å"Coca-Cola Case Study.† 123HelpMe.com. [Accessed 1st Apr 2011] . Seeking Alpha (2011) ‘Just One Stock: Returns, Cash Flow, Emerging-Market Potential for Coke’s World-Class Beverage Brand†http://seekingalpha.com/article/263186-just-one-stock-returns-cash-flow-emerging-market-potential-for-coke-s-world-class-beverage-brand [Accessed 1st Apr 2011] British Bottled Water (2009) http://www.britishbottledwater.org/vitalstats.html [Accessed 1st Apr 2011] http://www.scribd.com/doc/16945054/marketing-plan-of-coca-cola [Accessed 1st Apr 2011] http://www.scribd.com/doc/9995196/Swot-Analysis-of-Coca-Cola [Accessed 1st April 2011] How to cite Marketing Theory Case of The Coca Cola Company, Essay examples